Aisha (RA) said the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) taught this:
اَللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرَائِيْلَ وَمِيْكَائِيْلَ ورَبَّ إِسْرَافِيلَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ حَرِّ النَّارِ وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ
Transliteration
Allaahumma rab-ba jibraa’eel wa meekaa’eel, wa rab-ba israafeel, a‛oodhu bika min ‘harrin naar, wa min ‛adhaabil qabr
Translation
O Allah, Lord of Gabriel and Michael, and lord of Israfel, I seek refuge in You from the heat of the hell fire, and from the torment of the grave.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ، عَنْ جَسْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرَائِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وَرَبَّ إِسْرَافِيلَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ حَرِّ النَّارِ وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ " .
Translation
It was narrated that 'Aishah said: "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Allahumma, rabba jibra'ila, wa mika'ila wa rabba israfila, a'udhu bika min harrin-nari wa (min) 'adhabil-qabr (O Allah, Lord of Jibra'il and Mika'il and Lord of Israfil, I seek refuge in You from the heat of the Fire and (from) the torment of the grave.)'" [Sahih (Albani). Nasai: 5519]
Rabbana ighfir lil-mu'mineena alladheena taboo wattaba'oo sabeelaka wa qihim 'adhaab al-jaheem asks Allah to forgive and save believers from Jahannam. It is in the Quran. Muslims use it to ask for safety.
Allahumma inni a'oodhu bika min 'adhaabil-qabri wa min 'adhaabi jahannama asks Allah to keep you safe from grave and Jahannam. This protection dua is in the hadith. Read it to find peace after death.
Allahumma inni a'oodhu bika min 'adhaabin-nari, wa min 'adhaabil-qabri, wa min fitnatil-mahya walmamaati, wa min sharri fitnatil-maseehid-dajjal is the dua to ask Allah for help against Dajjal, Jahannam, grave, and all hard tests.
Allahumma ajirni min an-naar is a short dua. It asks Allah to keep you away from Jahannam. You can also ask for Jannah and protection from the Fire, following words from masnoon duas.
Surah Al-Mulk gives safety from Jahannam and grave punishment. The Prophet told us this surah is a shield for all believers who recite it.
Ask Allah to Protect You from Grave Punishment
Ask Allah for Safety - Dua Against Hunger and Betrayal
Pray to Enter Jannah and Stay Away from Hell (Tirmidhi)
Prayer to Learn More About Islam
Long Dua for Help Against Trouble and Enemies
Ask Allah to Keep You Strong and Guide You