اَللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّى عَلَى ذِكْرِكَ وَشُكْرِكَ وَحُسْنِ عِبَادَتِكَ
Transliteration
Allaahumma 'a'innee 'alaa dhikrika, wa shukrika, wahusni 'ibaadatik
Translation
O Allah, help me to remember You, to give You thanks, and to perform Your worship in the best manner.
After salah, this dua asks Allah to help in remembering Him, giving thanks, and doing ibadah the right way. Every Muslim's heart becomes full of zikr and shukr after each prayer.
When salah ends, turn your head right and say As-salamu 'alaykum wa rahmat-Ullahi wa barakaatuH. Then turn left and repeat it. This means peace and blessings on you. Common after salah dua.
After salah, say Subhan Allah 33 times, Al-hamdu Lillah 33 times, Allahu akbar 33 times. Finish with La ilaha ill-Allah wahdahu la sharika lah. This dua after namaz is strongly recommended for Muslims.
Yes, make dua when salah ends. The Prophet said the best times for dua are after the required prayers and in the final part of the night. Good moments to ask Allah for help and safety.
Before salah finishes, say the second part of the tashahud, then say tasleem to end. This closes your prayer and is part of how Muslims pray.
When Salah ends, say Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi to the right, then to the left. This simple act means you want Allah to accept your prayer. A key part of Muslim prayer.